Street lighting in areas at risk of explosion must minimize glare phenomena and have a luminous footprint on the ground characterized by homogeneous illumination without large peaks and shadow areas. To obtain a better result, the light emitted must have a greater luminous intensity on the sides rather than on the symmetry plane of the device. With the advent of LED technology this need is met by the use of so-called "secondary optics".

Increased safety electric motors or flameproof electric motors with increased safety connection box have been on the market for many years. Let's see the connection of Ex- db electric motors with Ex- db connection box to the power line by using some examples of system applications

There are a series of physical phenomena which concern all electrical devices in general, but which assume great importance in equipment for areas classified as hazardous for potentially explosive atmospheres. One of these phenomena is called "breathing".

The components used in contexts at risk of forming an explosive atmosphere are made with particular materials. This is particularly true in the case of plastic materials. In contexts designed to form insulation between conductors, the materials used are selected from among those that express better tracking resistance.

In Europe, the process of harmonization of regulations has opened a new phase in technological development and, to all intents and purposes, can be considered a success of the process of integration of the European Union. The birth of the EEC, the establishment of the CENELEC and CEN technical committees, the first ATEX 94/9/EC regulation and then the new ATEX 2014/34/EU regulation... let's retrace together the last steps that led to the present day have a harmonized regulatory framework at Eu

In the United States, the path that led to the development of equipment suitable for use in areas at risk of explosion has followed an almost parallel path to Europe, addressing the issue first in the mining industry and then extending it to electrical devices in the NEC. The use of still current techniques demonstrates how much the more traditional methods of protection can boast a history of reliability and safety spanning more than a century.

The most used entry systems are: entry with sealing fitting, cable entry with Ex barrier cable gland, cable entry with Ex cable gland with sealing ring. When we talk about electrical systems with electrical cable installation, entries are made using a cable gland, which can be of two types: barrier or with sealing ring.

Today we define the methods of protection as techniques that are made available to us by harmonized standards, to satisfy the Essential Health and Safety Requirements. It appears clear how the first decades of the twentieth century proved to be fundamental for the development of the techniques underlying the current methods of protection.

Nowadays, the classification in an area at risk of explosion concerns many sectors of the industry and includes the use of the most diverse equipment. This great variety of devices and applications must not make us forget that the origin of explosion risk containment techniques lies down there, in those dark mines where it all began.

The 'Ex d' type of protection, now referred to as 'Ex db', is based on a simple theoretical concept: containment by means of a sturdy casing and flame retardancy. Its success is due to this simplicity, it is in fact one of the first methods of protection developed in the mining industry and still today it is one of the most widespread in areas classified for potentially explosive atmospheres.

Each equipment that must be installed in an ATEX classified area must have a certain level of protection, indicated in the legislation with the acronym EPL (Equipment protection Level). The level of protection is obtained by applying technical regulations that define the protection methods. There are many ways of protection, some have a historical origin, others are more recent...